Anderson's work is a taxonomic study of modern Absolutism. Absolutism has a dual character of being the ultimate rampart of the feudal order, but at the same time the state it creates provides a context for the development of capitalism, under the right circumstances.
Anderson demonstrates that, although you can have many of the econojic circumstances appropriate to capitalism - for example in early modern in Italy or Germany - without a centralising state, and its ability to create a national market, the emergence of capitalism is aborted.